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Consistency management in collaborative editing

As prophetised by Douglas Engelbart, collaborative editing becomes a natural and transparent activity. People share and edit contents trough the Internet, using multiple devices. These contents are replicated to ensure availability to user. The CAP theorem learns us that such a replication can not be pessimistic in the general distribution context. The replication is optimistic and ensure constraint-less write access to the user own replica. Thus, consistency between concurrently edited replica must be ensured.
Different consistency models and different techniques to ensure them were proposed. In this seminar, I will try to present the different techniques, to link them, and to sketch the still open challenges. I will start from operational transformation that was proposed in 1989 and adopted 20 years after by GoogleDocs and I will finish by commutative replicated data types proposed recently as a scalable P2P alternative.